Lesson 4 – ‘Non’, second conjugation verbs, numbers
non – not
It’s easy to turn a sentence into a negative sentence. Put ‘non’ in front of the verb:
| agricola laborat | The farmer works |
| agricola non laborat | The farmer does not work |
| regina cartas confirmat | The queen confirms the charters |
| regina cartas non confirmat | The queen does not confirm the charters |
Second conjugation verbs
These end in ‘-ere’.
| debere | to owe |
| movere | to move |
| habere | to have |
| sedere | to sit |
| iacere | to lie, be situated |
| tenere | to hold |
| monere | to warn, summon |
| videre | to see |
To conjugate these verbs, remove the ‘-ere’ and add these endings:
| Latin | English | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| -eo | I | habeo | I have |
| -es | you | habes | you have |
| -et | he/she/it | habet | he/she/it has |
| -emus | we | habemus | we have |
| -etis | you | habetis | you have |
| -ent | they | habent | they have |
The key letter in these endings is ‘e’.
| dominus Stephanus maneria tenet | Lord Stephen holds the manors. |
| ecclesiam video | I see the church. |
| cartas terris tenemus | We hold the charters for the lands. |
| dominos monemus | We warn the lords. |
| Gregorius testamentum non habet | Gregory does not have a will. |
Handy hints for conjugating verbs
All verbs that end with
| -o | relate to I |
| -t | relate to he/she/it |
| -mus | relate to we |
| -nt | relate to they |
Remember: this applies to all conjugations.
Numbers
| quattuor (sometimes quatuor) | four |
| quinque | five |
| sex | six |
| septem | seven |
| octo | eight |
| novem | nine |
| decem | ten |
| centum | one hundred |
These numbers do not decline. (We will cover numbers one, two and three in Lesson 5.)
| dominus quattuor maneria tenet | The lord holds four manors. |
| octo parochie sunt | There are eight parishes. |
| centum dominos monemus | We summon one hundred lords. |
| vidua quinque maneria ecclesie legat | The widow leaves five manors to the church. |
Introducing new nouns
From now on, new nouns will be written as they appear in the Latin word list.
They will be given in the nominative singular, followed by the genitive singular ending. The gender of the noun will be given, and its meaning in English.
For example:
marca, -e (f.) mark
| marca | is the nominative singular |
| -e | is the genitive singular ending |
| f. | is the gender (feminine) |
| mark | is the meaning of the word in English |
The genitive singular ending is very important, as it tells you which declension the noun belongs to.
Checklist
Are you confident with
- the handy hints for conjugating verbs?
- how to make a sentence negative?
- how to conjugate a second conjugation verb like habere?
- how to count from four to ten in Latin?
- the numbers 4 to 10 and 100?